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Phoebe hainesiana
Vernacular name: State Tree of Manipur
English: Angaria, Bonsum
Manipuri: Uningthou
Nepali: Angare
Taxonomic Hierarchy
Kingdom: Plantae – plantes, Planta, Vegetal, plants
Subkingdom: Viridiplantae
Infrakingdom: Streptophyta– land plants
Superdivision: Embryophyta
Division: Tracheophyta– vascular plants, tracheophytes
Subdivision: Spermatophytina– spermatophytes, seed plants, phanérogames
Class: Magnoliopsida
Superorder: Magnolianae
Order: Laurales
Family: Lauraceae – laurels
Genus: Phoebe Nees
Species:Phoebe hainesiana Brandis - Angaria, Bonsum
Phytogeography:India, Bhutan and Malaysia. It prefers to grow in low-elevated areas. Due to overexploitation, it is locallyendangered.
Plant description: A large tree, to 45meter-tall;trunk to 6 meter in diameter; bark thick, darkgrey; wood yellow.
Leaves: Leaves clustered atbranchlet ends, oblanceolate-obovate,blunt-mucronate at apex, 11-25 × 4.5-8 cm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent,pale beneath; lateral veins straight, 12-16 pairs.
Flowers: Flowers in panicle; pedunclestout, 7.5-10 cm long, elongated to 25cm in fruiting. Perianth campanulate,densely greyish tomentose, woody, 6 lobed; lobes 5-13 mm long.
Fruits or seeds: Fruitsbroadly ellipsoid, ca 3 × 1.5 cm, fleshy,enclosed at base by perianth, black.
Flowering season: May-September
Propagation: Seeds, seedlings
Parts used: Fruits
Medicinal uses: Sore;
Ash of berries applied to sores
Other uses: Tree yields an economically valuable timber, used in makingboxes and crates, building materials, furniture, wardrobes, structural anddecorative plywood, interior construction, packing cases and planks.
Timber is considered as king of timber in Manipur (Uningthou = Timber King). The Mizo tribe has been protecting and conserving itunder the initiatives of indigenous community institution (Young Mizo Association).
References
ITIS, 2017, “Phoebe Nees,” Integrated Taxonomic Information System on-line database, March 13, 2017. [Web Reference]
Paga K, Singh, S.K. and Mao A.A., “MANIPUR,” Botanical Survey of India, Eastern Regional Centre, Shillong. [Web Reference]
Prakash N., et al., 2014, “Indigenous traditional knowledge and usage of folk bio-medicines among Rongmei tribe of Tamenglong district of Manipur, India,” African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines; 11(3): 239-247. [Web Reference]