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Phoebe hainesiana

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Vernacular name: State Tree of Manipur

English: Angaria, Bonsum

Manipuri: Uningthou

Nepali: Angare

Taxonomic Hierarchy

Kingdom: Plantae – plantes, Planta, Vegetal, plants

Subkingdom: Viridiplantae

Infrakingdom: Streptophyta– land plants

Superdivision: Embryophyta

Division: Tracheophyta– vascular plants, tracheophytes

Subdivision: Spermatophytina– spermatophytes, seed plants, phanérogames

Class: Magnoliopsida

Superorder: Magnolianae

Order: Laurales

Family: Lauraceae – laurels

Genus: Phoebe Nees

Species:Phoebe hainesiana Brandis - Angaria, Bonsum

Phytogeography:India, Bhutan and Malaysia. It prefers to grow in low-elevated areas. Due to overexploitation, it is locallyendangered.

Plant description: A large tree, to 45meter-tall;trunk to 6 meter in diameter; bark thick, darkgrey; wood yellow.

Leaves: Leaves clustered atbranchlet ends, oblanceolate-obovate,blunt-mucronate at apex, 11-25 × 4.5-8 cm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent,pale beneath; lateral veins straight, 12-16 pairs.

Flowers: Flowers in panicle; pedunclestout, 7.5-10 cm long, elongated to 25cm in fruiting. Perianth campanulate,densely greyish tomentose, woody, 6 lobed; lobes 5-13 mm long.

Fruits or seeds: Fruitsbroadly ellipsoid, ca 3 × 1.5 cm, fleshy,enclosed at base by perianth, black.

Flowering season: May-September

Propagation: Seeds, seedlings

Parts used: Fruits

Medicinal uses: Sore;

Ash of berries applied to sores

Other uses: Tree yields an economically valuable timber, used in makingboxes and crates, building materials, furniture, wardrobes, structural anddecorative plywood, interior construction, packing cases and planks.

Timber is considered as king of timber in Manipur (Uningthou = Timber King). The Mizo tribe has been protecting and conserving itunder the initiatives of indigenous community institution (Young Mizo Association).

References

ITIS, 2017, “Phoebe Nees,” Integrated Taxonomic Information System on-line database, March 13, 2017. [Web Reference]

Paga K, Singh, S.K. and Mao A.A., “MANIPUR,” Botanical Survey of India, Eastern Regional Centre, Shillong. [Web Reference]

Prakash N., et al., 2014, “Indigenous traditional knowledge and usage of folk bio-medicines among Rongmei tribe of Tamenglong district of Manipur, India,” African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines; 11(3): 239-247. [Web Reference]

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