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Vertebral, Spinal Cord, Abscess, Granuloma, Osteomyelitis, Foreign Body, Physitis, Discospondylitis, Empyema

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Inflammatory processes can damage the vertebrae, intervertebral spaces, or vertebral bodies and associated intervertebral disks (Discospondylitis). Causes include bacterial or fungal infection or foreign body. Cerebrospinal fluid can be normal when the lesion is epidural.

Species affected: Bovine, Canine, Equine, Feline, Caprine, Ovine, Porcine

Symptoms: Abnormal  (increased or decreased) anal, perineal, tail reflexes; Abnormal forelimb reflexes (increased or decreased); Abnormal hindlimb reflexes (increased or decreased); Abnormal panniculus reflex (increased or decreased); Abnormal proprioceptive positioning; Anorexia (complete, partial); Ataxia (incoordination, staggering, falling); Back atrophy; Back hypoesthesia; Back pain; Decreased amount of faeces (constipation), absent faeces; Decreased, absent mobility of joint, head face neck; Dullness, depression, lethargy, depressed, lethargic, listless; Dysmetria (hypermetria, hypometria); Enlarged, distended urinary bladder; Faecal incontinence; Fever; Forelimb atrophy, wasting; Forelimb hypoesthesia; Forelimb lameness, stiffness; Forelimb weakness (paresis, paralysis); Generalized lameness, stiffness; Generalized weakness (paresis, paralysis); Head tilt; Hemiparesis; Hindlimb atrophy; Hindlimb hypoesthesia; Hindlimb lameness, stiffness; Hyperesthesia, irritable, hyperactive; Hypertonia of muscles; Inability to stand, prostration; Hyperpnoea; Kyphosis; Muscle hypotonia; Neck swelling; Atrophy of neck, chest, (wasting thorax); Pain on external abdominal pressure; Pain in neck, cervical, throat; Pain in tail, anus, perineum; Paraparesis (weakness, paralysis) in both hind limbs; Pelvic or hip atrophy; Proteinuria; Reluctant to move; Stiffness or extended neck; Tachycardia; Tail weakness (paresis, paralysis); Tail, anal hypoesthesia; Tetraparesis (weakness, paralysis); Thoracic or abdominal hypoesthesia, Torticollis; Trembling, shivering; Underweight (poor condition, thin, emaciated, unthriftiness, ill thrift); Urinary incontinence, dribbling; Weakness (paresis, paralysis) of one hindlimb; Weight loss;

Public health importance: Not applicable.

References

  1. Foster J.D., et. al., 2014, “Use of Linezolid to Treat MRSP Bacteremia and Discospondylitis in a Dog,” Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association; 50:53-58 [Web Reference]
  2. Garcia E.B., et. al., 2015, “Computed tomographic myelography of a foal with discospondylitis and extradural spinal cord compression due to a vertebral abscess,” Equine Veterinary Education; 27:75-80 [Web Reference]
  3. Jose-Lopez R., et. al., 2014, “Intramedullary spinal cord mass presumptively associated with leishmaniasis in a dog,” Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association; 244:200-204 [Web Reference]
  4. Kessell A., et. al., 2011, “Neurological diseases of ruminant livestock in Australia. III: bacterial and protozoal infections,” Australian Veterinary Journal; 89:289-296 [Web Reference]
  5. Linon E., et. al., 2014, “Atlantoaxial epidural abscess secondary to grass awn migration in a dog,” Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology:155-158 [Web Reference]
  6. Manino P.M., et. al., 2014, “Disseminated Protothecosis Associated With Diskospondylitis in a Dog,” Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association; 50:429-435 [Web Reference]
  7. Muggli E., et. al., 2011, “Diagnosis and treatment of lumbosacral diskospondylitis in a calf,” BMC Veterinary Research; 7:53 [Web Reference]
  8. Trevail R. and Behr S., 2014, “Differential diagnoses and treatment of cervical syndrome or neck pain,” In Practice; 36:391-407 [Web Reference]
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