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Vitamin A Deficiency in Birds
Vitmain A deficiency is reported to cause squamous metaplasia and hyperkeratosis of epithelial tissue. Lesion of the oral cavity, conjunctiva, nasal lacrimal duct and respiratory tract are common. An accumulation of masses in the syrinx of psittacine birds can cause a respiratory emergency. There can be night blindness; .
Species affected: Avian
Symptoms: Anorexia (complete, partial); Ataxia (incoordination, staggering, falling); Blindness; Change in voice, vocal strength; Chemosis, conjunctival, scleral oedema, swelling; Decreased hatchability of eggs; Decreased egg production; Dehydration; Dullness, depression, lethargy, depressed, lethargic, listless; Dysmetria (hypermetria, hypometria); Dyspnoea; Enlarged nictitans gland; Swelling (mass) of head, face, ears, jaw, nose, nasal; Increased mortality in flocks of birds; Hyperpnoea; Lack of growth or weight gain, retarded, stunted growth; Lacrimation; Mucoid nasal discharge (serous, watery); Swelling (mass) of oral cavity, tongue, mouth; Orbital, periorbital, periocular, conjunctival swelling; Purulent discharge from eye; Ruffled feathers; Underweight (poor condition, thin, emaciated, unthriftiness, ill thrift); Weight loss;
Public health importance: Not applicable.
References
- Orosz S.E., 2014, “Clinical Avian Nutrition,” Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice; 17:397-413 [Web Reference]